Isimo semfundo ngemuva kobhubhane siletha izinselelo namathuba angakaze abonwe ngaphambili. Phakathi kwezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu ukwehla okwethusayo kokusebenza kwabafundi emhlabeni wonke ezifundweni eziyinhloko njengezibalo, isayensi, nokufunda. Okwenza le nkinga ibe nzima kakhulu ukushoda kothisha emhlabeni wonke, okuthinta amazwe asathuthuka nathuthukile. Kodwa ingabe izinguquko zekharikhulamu zingaphumelela uma kungekho othisha abanele abafanelekayo ukuzisebenzisa?

17–JAN–2025 | Izwe elingemva kobhubhane liveze ubuthakathaka bezinhlelo zemfundo emhlabeni jikelele, ngemininingwane yakamuva efana ne-TIMSS 2023 edalula ukwehla okukhathazayo kokusebenza kwabafundi kuzo zonke izifundo eziyinhloko. UNuno Crato noHarry Anthony Patrinos , esihlokweni sabo esanyatheliswa yi-The Thomas B. Fordham Institute , banikeza ukuqonda okucatshangelwe kahle ngalezi zindlela futhi baphakamisa amasu okululama.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba siqhubekela phambili, umbuzo obalulekile usasele: Yini ngempela eyenzekile selokhu ubhubhane lwadalula lezi zikhala zemfundo?

Ngokwalokho esikubonile njengomeluleki wezemfundo womhlaba wonke osebenza ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, iqiniso licacile. Nakuba ohulumeni nezinhlangano eziningi bevumile ukuthi kuphuthuma ukubhekana nokulahlekelwa kokufunda, intuthuko ayilingani futhi, kwezinye izimo, ihamba kancane ngendlela eshaqisayo. Isimo somhlaba wanamuhla esihlukene kakhulu senza kube nzima ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinqubomgomo zemfundo ezisebenzayo. Imfundo, eyake yabonwa njengesisekelo sentuthuko yomphakathi, isengozini yokwehliswa ngemuva phakathi kweziphazamiso zezepolitiki nezomnotho.

Ubhubhane aluzange luveze nje kuphela ubuthakathaka ezinhlelweni zemfundo kodwa futhi lubangele ukushoda okukhulu kothisha okuthinta amazwe asathuthuka nasathuthuka. Othisha abaningi bashiye lo msebenzi ngenxa yokukhokhelwa okuphansi, ukukhathala, noma ukunganeliseki, kuyilapho abanye beqeqeshwa kabusha emisebenzini emisha noma bephishekela amathuba okufundisa ngokuzimela. Lokhu kufuduka kushiye izikole zizama ukugcina imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu.

Izixazululo Zendawo kanye Nokulingana Kwezemfundo

Inselelo enkulu isalokhu iwukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwezinsizakusebenza, ikakhulukazi emazweni amaningi asathuthuka. Izinhlelo zemfundo kulezi zifunda zivame ukuxhaswa ngemali encane, kanye nokuphathwa kabi noma inkohlakalo evimbela izinsizakusebenza ukuthi zingafinyeleli ezikoleni nakothisha. Ukucaca okukhulu kanye nokulawulwa kwendawo - okusekelwa yizinhlaka eziqinile zokuzibophezela - kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsizakusebenza zabiwa ngempumelelo futhi zifinyelele kulabo abazidinga kakhulu. Ukubambisana komphakathi nezizimele kungaba yinto ebalulekile ekushayeleni izinto ezintsha kanye nokusekela ukuguqulwa kwezemfundo lapho ohulumeni bebhekene nemingcele khona.

Ukuguqulwa Kwekharikhulamu Nokusekelwa Kothisha

Ukuguqulwa kwekharikhulamu kubalulekile ekuxazululeni izikhala zemfundo, kodwa akunakuhlukaniswa nokusekelwa kothisha. Njengoba uCrato noPatrinos beqokomisa, ukugxila ezifundweni eziyinhloko njengezibalo nesayensi kubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kothisha abanele abafanelekayo ukuletha lezi zifundo, izinguquko zekharikhulamu zizoba nomthelela omncane. Inselele isekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abasebenzi bokufundisa bakulungele ngokwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabafundi. Amazwe kumele alinganisele phakathi kokubuyekeza ikharikhulamu nokubhekana nokuntuleka okuqhubekayo kothisha abafanelekile.

Indlela Yokuguqula Imfundo Ngokusebenzisa Ipolitiki

Inqubomgomo yezemfundo kumele ingabi sezombusazwe ukuze kube noguquko olunenjongo nolwesikhathi eside. Ama-ajenda ezepolitiki avame ukuphazamisa ukuzinza okudingekayo ukuze kube noshintsho oluphumelelayo. Imfundo kufanele ibe yinto eza kuqala emphakathini, hhayi ithuluzi lezepolitiki. Ukuzibophezela okucacile, ukucaca, kanye nokugxila ezidingweni zabafundi kubalulekile ekuqhubekiseleni phambili uguquko lwezemfundo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezepolitiki sinjani.

Ukungabaza Ngezinguquko Ezisakazekile

Ukubhekana nokuntuleka kothisha kudinga indlela ephelele: ukukhuphula inkokhelo yothisha, ukunikeza intuthuko yobungcweti, kanye nokunikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu ukuze ukufundisa kube umsebenzi okhangayo. Amazwe afana neFinland, asebetshale imali ekuqeqeshweni nasekuphathweni kothisha isikhathi eside, anikeza izifundo ezibalulekile. Ukugcizelela kwawo ekugcinweni kothisha kanye nemfundo esezingeni eliphezulu kunikeza isibonelo samazwe alwela ukugcina othisha ekilasini.

Nakuba sihlala sinethemba lezinguquko ezinenjongo, siyaqaphela ngamathuba oshintsho olukhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Izingcindezi zezombusazwe nezomnotho zivame ukumboza ukuphuthuma kokubhekana nezidingo zemfundo. Intuthuko yangempela izodinga imizamo ehlanganisiwe evela kohulumeni, othisha, kanye nabalingani bomkhakha ozimele. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinguquko cishe zizokwenzeka kancane kancane, zidinga isineke kanye nokugxila okuqhubekayo ezindabeni zangempela ezikhona.

UDejan Trpkovic
Umqondisi ophethe, PRODIREKT
Umsunguli we Verbalists Education & Language Network