Speak Your Mind! - Kukurukurirana kwetsika naDanae Perez
Muchinyorwa chino, ndinoburitsa matambudziko ekutaurirana pakati pevanhu vanobva kumarudzi akasiyana. Iyo nzira pachayo yakavakirwa zvakanyanya pane intuition uye kuremekedzana, asi pane zvinhu zvishoma zvatingachengeta mupfungwa kuti tibudirire. Ndakaita izvi kakawanda ini.
Mufananidzo: Danae Perez (wekutanga kubva kuruboshwe)
Intercultural communication ndeyekufamba madaro
Nhaurirano yetsika nemagariro ndeyekare sevanhu. Zvinoitika kana vanhu vanobva kwakasiyana tsika kwakasiyana vachidyidzana, uye zvinogona kuitika mumarudzi ese ekumisikidza, kungave kutengeserana uye bhizinesi, kutsvagisa, kana kuzorora. Asi sei kutaurirana kwetsika nemagariro kuri rudzi rwakakosha rwehunyanzvi hwekutaurirana, uye tingakudziridza sei hunyanzvi hwekudyidzana? Kuti tinzwisise izvi, tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa kuti tsika nemutauro zvakabatana sei.
Tsika dzine chekuita neruzivo rwekugovana uye hunhu hwekugovana. Zvinobva panhoroondo yakafanana uye maitiro akajairika akave anogamuchirwa se "zvakajairika" maitiro. Mutauro sechombo chedu chikuru chekutaurirana chikamu cheichi "chakajairika", kana chakajairika, maitiro.
Asi tsika inopesvedzera sei mutauro?
Tsika dzinopa mamiriro emutauro. Ndiro rinosarudza zvatinotaura pamusoro pazvo, matauriro atinoshandisa, matauriro atinoita, kuti tinopindura nokukurumidza sei, uye zvatinofungidzira kuti vamwe vanoziva. Tsika dzinodzika mitemo yekutaurirana uye dzinoratidza vana vachiri vadiki kuti vanotarisirwa kutaura uye kuzvibata sei.
Kupesvedzera kwetsika pamutauro
Asi tsika hadzingotarisi chete mashandisirwo akakodzera emutauro. Pane imwe nhanho yekusaziva, tsika inopesvedzera matsananguriro atinoita nyika. Tora mazwi emavara. ChiItalian chine mazwi matatu emhando dzakasiyana dzebhuruu - "azurro", "blu", uye "celeste" - nepo Mayan ichibatanidza mimvuri yose yebhuruu negirini pamwechete muizwi rimwechete - "yax". Izvi hazvirevi kuti vatauri veMayan havakwanisi kusiyanisa pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzebhuruu negirini. Asi, zvinoreva kuti mutsika yeMayan, hapana chikonzero chekunyatsosiyanisa pakati pavo.
Mazwi emavara anobatsira kuratidza kuti mitauro yakasiyana inotsanangura sei nyika zvakasiyana. Mumwe chiremba wechiGiriki muAthens akambondiudza mushure mekunge ndarumwa nembwa kuti gumbo rangu raizoshanduka "dema". Ndakarohwa nehana kechipiri ndokufunga kuti gumbo rangu rakanga risiri kuzopora, asi ndakazonzwisisa kuti dema ndiro ruvara rwechiGiriki runopa mavanga. MuChirungu neGermany, mavanga ane bhuruu, asi muchiSpanish ane ruvara rwepepuru. Kusanzwisisana kwakadai kunoitika kana tatsauswa nefungidziro yekuti matauriro emitauro akafanana patsika nemagariro.
Asi, tsika dzinopinda mumutauro kunyange kupfuura mashoko. Zvinokanganisawo girama. Pane mitauro inoratidza kana chirevo chakavakirwa paruzivo rwakasimbiswa kana kuti runyerekupe. Nyanzvi dzemitauro dzinodaidza izvi kuti “umboo”. Inowanikwa mumitauro yakawanda yemuno yeSouth America, pamwe nemuTurkey nemimwe mitauro. Mutsika idzi, humbowo hunoratidza kuvimbika, uye musimboti uyu wakatekeshera zvekuti kunyangwe maSpanish nechiPutukezi vakautora. Kune vanhu vanobva mutsika idzi, zvakakosha kuti vaonekwe sevakavimbika. Zvikasadaro, kurukurirano ingangokundikana.
Kungofanana nekuvimbika, zvakare ruremekedzo runotungamirirwa netsika dzetsika. Mumutauro, ruremekedzo runoratidza kuti ndeapi mashoko anonzi akakodzera. Mafomu akapfava akaita seGerman “Sie”, Spanish “usted”, Chirungu “sir”, kana kuti “senhor” yechiPutukezi inoratidza chimiro chepamusoro chemunhu uye nhambwe yemagariro pakati pevatauri. Mune dzimwe tsika, madaro aya akakosha pane mamwe. Iyo isina kurongeka "du" yakapararira zvakanyanya muSwitzerland kupfuura muGermany, uye "tú" inowanzoitika muSpain kupfuura muColombia.
Kazhinji, tinodzidza mitemo iyi pamusoro peruremekedzo uye kureba sezvatinokura mutsika dzedu. Tinoadzidza pamwe chete nemutauro wedu wekutanga. Tichifunga kuti tinoziva tsika nemagariro edu zvakanyanya, hatitomboziva kuti mitemo iyi inopesvedzera sei maitiro edu. Mukukurukurirana kwetsika, zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu haana kunyanya kujaira. Kunzwisisa kwe "zvakajairika" kunosiyana uye kunoda kutaurirana patsva.
Distance ndiyo yakakosha
Sezvo isu tinofamba nekunzwisisa kwakasiyana kwe "zvakajairika," hapana chinogona kutorwa sechinhu. Saka, isu tinogadzira mamiriro matsva uye tinotanga nekutanga mutsauko uye zvakafanana. Izvi zvinotungamirirwa nezvatinoziva uye zvatinofunga kuti mumwe munhu anoziva. Izvo zvisina chokwadi mukuita uku zvinogona kunetsa kubata nazvo asi kukudziridza kuziva nezvazvo ndiyo yekutanga uye yakakosha nhanho.
Mukugadzira mamiriro matsva, tinotsanangura kubatana pakati pedu nemumwe munhu. Kubatana pakati pevanhu kunogara kuri pamusoro pekutsvaga chinhambwe chakakodzera uye mukutaurirana kwetsika, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinotamba mukati uye kuwedzera chinhambwe pakati pevanhu. Nemamwe manzwi, kutaurirana kwetsika nemagariro ndeyekufambisa kusava nechokwadi kwekuwana chinhambwe chakakodzera.
Uye tingawana sei daro rakakodzera?
Dzimwe nguva, kuwana chinhambwe chakakodzera kunogona kuve nyore sekuziva kuti padyo nemunhu anofanira kumira sei. Asi mukukurukurirana kwetsika, kureba kazhinji kune simba. Simba rinogona kuyerwa seunyanzvi hwemari kana hwezvematongerwo enyika, kana sechinzvimbo chepamusoro mumhuri kana musangano. Uye zvakatonyanya kuoma, kureba kunowanzo tsanangurwa maererano nedzinza uye murume kana mukadzi.
Mufambo uri pakati pevanhu uchapesvedzera maitiro avo kune mumwe nemumwe. Zvakakosha kuwana chiyero chakakodzera pakati pekupindira nekunzvenga.
MuSwitzerland, semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yemunhu yakakura, uye zvakakosha kuti usayambuka chero mitsetse. Vashanyi havafanirwe kusvika nekukurumidza panguva yekusangana kuti vaone kuti mumwe munhu ane nguva yekugadzirira. Uye kunyanya mumamiriro ebhizinesi, vanhu vanosarudza kuchengeta chinhambwe chine ruremekedzo vasingashandise mazwi anomanikidza kana akajeka - zvikasadaro, kubatana kunogona kupera pasina tsananguro.
Munyika dzine nyika dzakapfuura dzekoloni, zvakasiyana, zvakajairika kubatana nekubatana pane imwe nhanho yemunhu. Kuvimba uye kuva pedyo kwakakosha, uye vanhu vanowanzo sanganisa bhizinesi nehupenyu hwepachivande. Izvi, zvisinei, zvinowanzoitika pakati pevanhu veboka rimwe chete rezvemagariro evanhu, sezvo kusarudzwa kwevanhu kuchiri kusimba nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekubatana kwemarudzi uye kukakavara munguva yakapfuura. Naizvozvo vatorwa vangave vaine nguva yakaoma kuvaka ushamwari hwakasimba muLatin America kana vakataura nechirevo chakasimba chekune dzimwe nyika.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kureba kwetsika kwakanyanya pamusoro pemafungiro, uyewo kusiyana kwemadzinza kunogona kuderedzwa nekuita mabasa akafanana. Somuenzaniso, mabhengi maviri okuBrazil nokuEngland, angangonzwisisana zviri nyore kupfuura mudzidzisi nomubhengi vanobva kunyika imwe chete.
Navigate mutauro uye chinhambwe
Saka, kutaura zvazviri, kutaurirana kwetsika kunokwira kuzvinhu zviviri: mutauro uye kureba. Pasinei netsika dzakasiyana-siyana, zvakakosha kushandisa mutauro unonzwisiswa nemunhu wese uye kuvaka hukama hunoita kuti munhu wese agare akasununguka.
Hapana mirairo yakajeka yekutevera; Chakakosha kuziva matambudziko aya uye kudzidza mashandisiro ekuziva uku kufamba mumisangano yetsika. Kana munhu achinyanya kuziva nezvekuti tsika inopesvedzera sei mutauro uye mawaniro enzvimbo yakafanira, ndiko kunowedzera kubudirira kwekukurukurirana kwavo kwetsika.
Pamusoro Author
Danae Perez inyanzvi yemitauro netsika dzevanhu ine mitauro yakasiyana-siyana. Ane dhigirii redhigirii muLinguistics and Social Anthropology, uye anopa mazano emitauro kune vatengi vega nevemakambani ekambani yake Anaphora. Danae zvakare mudzidzisi wekutaurirana mumitauro yakawanda paZurich University of Applied Sciences. Tsvagiridzo yake inotarisa pakushanduka kwemitauro yepasi rose uye yakaburitswa nevabudisi vepasi rose vane mukurumbira.
